Question |
Answer |
Form when limestone is dissolved by acidic waters |
caves and sinkholes |
Examples of soft rocks that are affected by acidic waters: |
marble and limestone |
rapid movement of a large amount of rock and soil |
landslide |
What is erosion? |
movement of fragments of rock and soil |
What are four forces of erosion? |
water, wind, ice, and gravity |
What factors speed up chemical weathering? |
warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and thick vegetation |
What is the other name for mechanical weathering? |
physical weathering |
There are two types of weathering, what are they? |
chemical and mechanical |
What factors speed up physical weathering? |
cool climates |
What is frost wedging? |
Repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks that physically breaks apart rock. |
What is weathering? |
breaking down or changing materials |
Why does an object with a larger surface area break down faster? |
A larger area is exposed to weathering forces. |
Name the three different kinds of rock. |
metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary |
How does igneous rock form? |
cooling and crystallization of magma |
How does sedimentary rock form? |
compacting and cementing of sediments |
How does metamorphic rock form? |
heat and pressure deep in the earth |
How does magma form? |
melting of solid rock |
How does sediment form? |
weathering of rock |
What is transpiration? |
Water evaporating from plants |
What is infiltration? |
Water soaking into the soil. |
What types of water movement are due to gravity? |
assimilation, runoff, infiltration, precipitation |
How does the rate of precipitation affect infiltration? |
If rain falls too fast then the soil becomes saturated and water ca no longer infiltrate it, then it becomes runoff. |
Does water use energy or release energy to go from solid to liquid to gas? |
use |
Does water become more or less mobile going from solid, to liquid, to gas? |
More |
Why does it require more energy to change water from solid, to liquid, to gas? |
because the water molecules are becoming more mobile. |
What slows runoff and increases infiltration? |
vegetation |