| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Form when limestone is dissolved by acidic waters | caves and sinkholes |
| Examples of soft rocks that are affected by acidic waters: | marble and limestone |
| rapid movement of a large amount of rock and soil | landslide |
| What is erosion? | movement of fragments of rock and soil |
| What are four forces of erosion? | water, wind, ice, and gravity |
| What factors speed up chemical weathering? | warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and thick vegetation |
| What is the other name for mechanical weathering? | physical weathering |
| There are two types of weathering, what are they? | chemical and mechanical |
| What factors speed up physical weathering? | cool climates |
| What is frost wedging? | Repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks that physically breaks apart rock. |
| What is weathering? | breaking down or changing materials |
| Why does an object with a larger surface area break down faster? | A larger area is exposed to weathering forces. |
| Name the three different kinds of rock. | metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary |
| How does igneous rock form? | cooling and crystallization of magma |
| How does sedimentary rock form? | compacting and cementing of sediments |
| How does metamorphic rock form? | heat and pressure deep in the earth |
| How does magma form? | melting of solid rock |
| How does sediment form? | weathering of rock |
| What is transpiration? | Water evaporating from plants |
| What is infiltration? | Water soaking into the soil. |
| What types of water movement are due to gravity? | assimilation, runoff, infiltration, precipitation |
| How does the rate of precipitation affect infiltration? | If rain falls too fast then the soil becomes saturated and water ca no longer infiltrate it, then it becomes runoff. |
| Does water use energy or release energy to go from solid to liquid to gas? | use |
| Does water become more or less mobile going from solid, to liquid, to gas? | More |
| Why does it require more energy to change water from solid, to liquid, to gas? | because the water molecules are becoming more mobile. |
| What slows runoff and increases infiltration? | vegetation |